{"id":4677,"date":"2020-10-22T22:09:03","date_gmt":"2020-10-22T22:09:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sandbox2.foxtrotdev.com\/?p=4677"},"modified":"2021-02-14T23:53:24","modified_gmt":"2021-02-14T23:53:24","slug":"historical-perspective-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sandbox2.foxtrotdev.com\/?p=4677","title":{"rendered":"Historical Perspective on the Science behind Understanding, Preventing, and Treating Covid-19"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em><strong>From the Collections<\/strong> is a recurring feature at aihp.org that highlights articles, artifacts, images, and other items of interest from AIHP publications and collections. This post is contributed by William A. Zellmer, AIHP Advisor for Pharmacy Outreach. October 15, 2020.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"157\" src=\"https:\/\/sandbox2.foxtrotdev.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AIHP-OutlinedBox_fb-300x157.jpg\" alt=\"AIHP Logo for Facebook\" class=\"wp-image-3515\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sandbox2.foxtrotdev.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AIHP-OutlinedBox_fb-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sandbox2.foxtrotdev.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AIHP-OutlinedBox_fb-150x79.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sandbox2.foxtrotdev.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AIHP-OutlinedBox_fb-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sandbox2.foxtrotdev.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AIHP-OutlinedBox_fb-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sandbox2.foxtrotdev.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/AIHP-OutlinedBox_fb.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In October\n2020, as these words are being written, every day brings new reports about the\nnature of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the search for\neffective vaccines and treatments. Often, we are awestruck by the depth and\nbreadth of scientific knowledge being applied to quell this threat to humanity.\nThe continual flood of new information about covid from scientific and not-so-scientific researchers,\nhowever, can be overwhelming and confusing. Do we risk becoming jaded about competing\nclaims of efficacy and mistrust the labor of the leading scientists and\nclinicians who are charting the way out of this pandemic? Would\nsome historical perspective be timely?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider Donald D. Vogt\u2019s excellent 1974 <em>Pharmacy in History<\/em> article, &#8220;<strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Trends in 19thCentury American Cholera Therapy (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41110007\" target=\"_blank\">Trends in 19th Century American Cholera Therapy<\/a><\/strong>&#8221; (open access until July 1, 2021!), about the chaos\u2014intellectual, scientific, and political\u2014surrounding the treatment of cholera in the 1800s. Vogt, of the Northeast Louisiana University School of Pharmacy, explained:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>Almost every aspect of cholera was confusing. The etiology and mode of transmission were obscure. Methods used with alleged success by one practitioner could seldom be duplicated with predictable results by the next. Heavy mortality, in a given area, at the onset of the epidemic was ordinarily much reduced toward the end of the outbreak, giving rise to a false optimism that the mode of treatment had somehow been effective. <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>During the tumultuous and fast-changing\nepidemics, Vogt pointed out, many doctors relied \u201cupon earlier modes of\ntreatments.\u201d As a result, he argued, \u201cmedical sectarianism\u2014a mixture of\nprotest, ignorance, and pretension\u2014exerted pressure upon medical practice\u201d as\npatients clamored for and encountered innumerable new cures and remedies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pharmacists of that era, too, faced a crowded\nmarketplace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>The pressure of epidemic disease, including cholera, directly increased the demand for drugs and indirectly helped to intensify competition among diverse groups pharmaceutically involved: professionally-oriented pharmacists, a larger variegated group of \u201cdruggists,\u201d dispensing physicians, lay practitioners, sectarian practitioners, nostrum manufacturers. <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Vogt observed that \u201cthere was little opportunity\nfor the professional development of pharmacy to dominate this confused area.\u201d He\nelaborated that, \u201cwhile pharmacy was involved at every level, it did little to\nshape the course of therapy.\u201d Nevertheless, he concluded, cholera epidemics\neventually \u201cstimulated\u2026 pharmacy and medicine to re-examine critically their\nprogress and goals.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By the time of the 1918 influenza pandemic, infectious diseases were better understood, albeit still incompletely. Dr. John B. Grabenstein explained these developments in his recent lecture, \u201c<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rhZudEIIhEE&amp;feature=emb_logo&amp;ab_channel=AmericanInstituteoftheHistoryofPharmacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Vaccines &amp; Epidemics: Successes &amp; Crises from Smallpox to COVID-19 (opens in a new tab)\">Vaccines &amp; Epidemics: Successes &amp; Crises from Smallpox to COVID-19<\/a><\/strong>\u201d at <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"AIHP\u2019s New Social History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals Festival (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/sandbox2.foxtrotdev.com\/new-social-history-festival\/\" target=\"_blank\">AIHP\u2019s New Social History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals Festival<\/a><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grabenstein\u2019s presentation cited John M. Barry\u2019s 2018 book, <em><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"The Great Influenza\u2014The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.johnmbarry.com\/the_great_influenza__the_story_of_the_deadliest_pandemic_in_history__133171.htm\" target=\"_blank\">The Great Influenza\u2014The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History<\/a><\/strong><\/em>, which provides historical perspective more directly relevant to our current situation. Barry\u2019s research traces the evolution of scientific medicine, including the understanding of the etiology of infectious diseases. Barry also summarizes the lessons that should have already been learned about effective pandemic responses.<br> <br> The state of the science directed towards blunting the covid-19 pandemic seems even more awesome when considering the history\u2014and the continuing \u201cmixture of protest, ignorance, and pretension\u201d\u2014that have led us to this point.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From the Collections is a recurring feature at aihp.org that highlights articles, artifacts, images, and other items of interest from AIHP publications and collections. This post is contributed by William A. Zellmer, AIHP Advisor for Pharmacy Outreach. October 15, 2020. In October 2020, as these words are being written, every day brings new reports about [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-from-the-collections"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Historical Perspective on the Science behind Understanding, Preventing, and Treating Covid-19 - American Institute of the History of Pharmacy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From the Collections is a recurring feature at aihp.org that highlights articles, artifacts, images, and other items of interest from AIHP publications and collections.\ufeff\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sandbox2.foxtrotdev.com\/?p=4677\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historical Perspective on the Science behind Understanding, Preventing, and Treating Covid-19 - 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